2017年6月4日 星期日

executive privilege (行政特權);Covfefe,川普的神秘推文到底在說什麼?





Covfefe,川普的神秘推文到底在說什麼?

川普總統Twitter帳號的一張截圖。「儘管有持續不斷的負面新聞covfefe,」該帳號在凌晨12點6分發了這麼一個開頭,然後就停住了。
川普總統Twitter帳號的一張截圖。「儘管有持續不斷的負面新聞covfefe,」該帳號在凌晨12點6分發了這麼一個開頭,然後就停住了。
華盛頓——在就職第132天,剛過午夜,川普總統終於使這個國家達成某種一致——讓所有人都困惑不解,至少是這樣。
讓我們走到一起的是……covfefe。

相关文章

一如既往,麻煩還是從Twitter上開始的,時間是週三凌晨剛過。川普有些話想說。差不多是這樣。
「儘管有持續不斷的負面新聞covfefe,」這條由@realDonaldTrump帳戶於凌晨12點6分發布的推文這樣開頭,這是總統壓抑不住的內心獨白。
然後,就沒了下文。
一分鐘過去。又一分鐘。然後五分鐘過去。
他肯定會刪掉這條信息。
10分鐘。20分鐘。快到12點半了。
40分鐘過去。一個小時過去。疑問不斷增加。
總統的律師們那麼渴望限制他的意識流信息,他們有趁著夜色與這位三軍統帥交涉嗎?
有人非常擔心川普或許是在140字的推文寫到四分之一時突發重病。
也有可能他只是盯著自己寫的東西,停頓了一下,然後想:「嗯,搞定了。」
時報在當晚沒能立即聯繫到白宮的工作人員予以置評。
至凌晨1點,相關爭論已經佔據了Twitter——至少在某一部分患失眠症的華盛頓特區人中是如此,他們一般是記者和政治操盤手——在熱門話題列表上節節攀升。「#covfefe當然是一個真實的詞,」@Diane_7A寫道,此人憶起了一場虛構的、川普的白宮引發的悲劇。「它是在鮑林格林大屠殺(Bowling Green Massacre)期間被創造出來的。」
「會不會是這樣呢,」剛過五分鐘,《紐約客》(The New Yorker)電視評論員艾米莉·努斯鮑姆(Emily Nussbaum)便問道。「那是他最後一條推文,時間就此打住了。」
隨著一則更讓人冷靜的新聞報導佔據媒體的注意力——阿富汗喀布爾發生大爆炸致數十人死傷,有些人似乎開始收斂自己的異想天開。
然而,對於瞥見最初的推文的人而言,想要繼續玩下去的衝動十分強大,儘管他們似乎都不完全確定自己當時為何還不睡。
「Covfefe,」記者塔斯尼姆·拉賈(Tasneem Raja)說道,或許是對不斷加強的集體暈頭轉向有些不滿。「好啦,我跟啦。」
最終,這些笑話突然轉向胡言亂語。Twitter用戶把焦點集中在前聯邦調查局(FBI)局長James Covfefe(真名叫James Comey——譯註)上。他們發誓要在下次喝星巴克咖啡時點上一個大杯Covfefe。還宣稱,他們終於知道了在影片《迷失東京》(Lost in Translation)中,比爾·墨瑞(Bill Murray)對史嘉蕾·喬韓森(Scarlett Johansson)輕聲說了些什麼。
時間一小時一小時過去,落在最後的人把孤獨的目光轉向唯一能拯救他們的帳戶。「幫個忙吧,@MerriamWebster(韋氏詞典——譯註),」NPR的記者傑西卡·泰勒(Jessica Taylor)請求道,還有幾人也提出了這個請求。
字典做出了回應
「醒過來。查看Twitter。呃……」它發布的信息開頭寫道。「後悔查看了Twitter。回去睡覺了。」
剛過6點,總統又冒了出來,他終於刪掉了那條推文,然後又發了另外一條。
「誰能搞清楚『covfefe』的真正含義???」他寫道。「玩得開心!」
天亮的時候,情況也沒能變得更清楚一點。
難以達成共識——更不用說這個詞該怎麼念——似乎白宮也拒絕提供幫助。「總統和一小群人完全明白他說的是什麼,」白宮新聞秘書肖恩·斯派塞(Sean Spicer)直截了當地告訴記者。他沒有做進一步的解釋。
但有人提出了另外一種說法——或許是對總統Twitter戰術的威力最熟悉的人。「我認為它是一條隱藏的信息,」希拉蕊·柯林頓(Hillary Clinton)在加州對一群聽眾講道,「是說給俄羅斯人聽的。」
翻譯:常青



Howard Chang
行政特權
本周的當紅詞彙應該是executive privilege. 這則新聞看來是媒體製造出來的。報紙首先報導川普可能行使(invoke)行政特權以阻止科米到國會作證,第二天報導專家的看法,第三天再報導川普不考慮使用,至少佔據了三天的版面。
這則香港的報導對 "行政特權" 有補充說明:
"行政特權是指美國總統以及政府行政部門的官員,有權不向立法、司法部門,以及公眾公布他們認為涉及國家機密的資訊和談話。據報前總統艾森豪威爾(Dwight Eisenhower)是第一個使用行政特權的總統。但此權力一度在水門事件中被尼克遜濫用,故此在1974年,美國最高法院在美國政府訴尼克遜案中裁定,行政特權在保護國家安全,或涉及政府部門敏感信息等特殊情況下才能被使用。"

5月初突然被美國總統特朗普(Donald Trump)革職的聯邦調查局前局長科米(James Comey),將於6月8日出席參議院情報委員會作證。由於……
HK01.COM|作者:香港01

2017年6月2日 星期五

"The group is being organized by the billionaire philanthropist Michael Bloomberg.";紐約時報nytimes 的一些報導和評論 (英文)How Cities and States Reacted to Trump’s Decision to Exit the Paris Climate Deal

"Americans are not walking away from the Paris Climate Agreement."
He will pay the $15 million that the U.N. stands to lose
FORTUNE.COM


Bill Moyers
Thirty cities, three states, more than 80 university presidents, and more than 100 companies are part of a growing group intending to uphold the Paris Agreement, a day after Donald Trump announced the US would be exiting.
The group is being organized by the billionaire philanthropist Michael Bloomberg.


Though President Donald Trump has said the US will exit the Paris Agreement on climate change, Michael Bloomberg is leading a coalition designed to uphold it.
BUSINESSINSIDER.COM







Video

U.S. to Leave Paris Climate Accord. What Happens Now?

Brad Plumer, a climate reporter for The New York Times, explains the consequences of President Trump’s decision today that he will withdraw from the landmark global warming agreement.
 By BRAD PLUMER, A.J. CHAVAR and SUSAN JOAN ARCHER on Publish DateJune 1, 2017. Photo by Doug Mills/The New York Times.Watch in Times Video »

WASHINGTON — President Trump announced on Thursday that the United States would withdraw from the Paris climate accord, weakening efforts to combat global warming and embracing isolationist voices in his White House who argued that the agreement was a pernicious threat to the economy and American sovereignty.
In a speech from the Rose Garden, Mr. Trump said the landmark 2015 pact imposed wildly unfair environmental standards on American businesses and workers. He vowed to stand with the people of the United States against what he called a “draconian” international deal.
“I was elected to represent the citizens of Pittsburgh, not Paris,” the president said, drawing support from members of his Republican Party but widespread condemnation from political leaders, business executives and environmentalists around the globe.
Mr. Trump’s decision to abandon the agreement for environmental action signed by 195 nations is a remarkable rebuke to heads of state, climate activists, corporate executives and members of the president’s own staff, who all failed to change his mind with an intense, last-minute lobbying blitz. The Paris agreement was intended to bind the world community into battling rising temperatures in concert, and the departure of the Earth’s second-largest polluter is a major blow.
Continue reading the main story
Mr. Trump said he wanted to negotiate a better deal for the United States, and the administration said he had placed calls to the leaders of Britain, France, Germany and Canada to personally explain his decision. A statement from the White House press secretary said the president “reassured the leaders that America remains committed to the trans-Atlantic alliance and to robust efforts to protect the environment.”
But within minutes of the president’s remarks, the leaders of France, Germany and Italy issued a joint statement saying that the Paris climate accord was “irreversible” and could not be renegotiated.
The decision was a victory for Stephen K. Bannon, Mr. Trump’s chief strategist, and Scott Pruitt, the Environmental Protection Agency administrator, who spent months quietly making their case to the president about the dangers of the agreement. Inside the West Wing, the pair overcame intense opposition from other top aides, including Gary D. Cohn, the director of the National Economic Council, the president’s daughter Ivanka Trump, and his secretary of state, Rex Tillerson.
Ms. Trump, in particular, fought to make sure that her father heard from people supportive of the agreement, setting up calls and meetings with world leaders, corporate executives and others. But by Thursday, aides who pushed to remain part of the agreement were disconsolate, and it was Mr. Pruitt whom the president brought up for victory remarks at the Rose Garden event.
The president’s speech was his boldest and most sweeping assertion of an “America first” foreign policy doctrine since he assumed office four months ago. He vowed to turn the country’s empathy inward, rejecting financial assistance for pollution controls in developing nations in favor of providing help to American cities struggling to hire police officers.
“It would once have been unthinkable that an international agreement could prevent the United States from conducting its own domestic affairs,” Mr. Trump said.
In Mr. Trump’s view, the Paris accord represents an attack on the sovereignty of the United States and a threat to the ability of his administration to reshape the nation’s environmental laws in ways that benefit everyday Americans.


GRAPHIC

How Cities and States Reacted to Trump’s Decision to Exit the Paris Climate Deal

President Trump’s decision to withdraw from the Paris climate agreement drew immediate reaction from big-city mayors, governors and Congress members.
 OPEN GRAPHIC

“At what point does America get demeaned? At what point do they start laughing at us as a country?” Mr. Trump said. “We don’t want other leaders and other countries laughing at us anymore. And they won’t be.”
But business leaders like Elon Musk of Tesla, Jeffrey R. Immelt of General Electric and Lloyd C. Blankfein of Goldman Sachs said the decision would ultimately harm the economy by ceding the jobs of the future in clean energy and technology to overseas competitors.
Mr. Musk, who had agreed to be a member of a two business-related councils that Mr. Trump set up this year, wrote on Twitter that he would leave those panels.
“Climate change is real. Leaving Paris is not good for America or the world,” he said.
Under the accord, the United States had pledged to cut its greenhouse gas emissions 26 to 28 percent below 2005 levels by 2025 and commit up to $3 billion in aid for poorer countries by 2020.
By stepping away from the Paris agreement, the president made good on a campaign promise to “cancel” an agreement he repeatedly mocked at rallies. As president, he has moved rapidly to reverse Obama-era policies aimed at allowing the United States to meet its pollution-reduction targets as set under the agreement.
“We are getting out,” Mr. Trump said Thursday. “But we will start to negotiate, and we will see if we can make a deal that’s fair. And if we can, that’s great.”


Video

Trump Pulls Out of Climate Accord as ‘Reassertion of America’s Sovereignty’

President Trump railed against China, India and other international polluters at an address in which he announced the United States’ withdrawal from the Paris climate accord.
 By THE ASSOCIATED PRESS. Photo by Doug Mills/The New York Times. Watch in Times Video »

In his remarks, Mr. Trump listed sectors of the United States economy that would lose revenue and jobs if the country remained part of the accord, citing a study — vigorously disputed by environmental groups — asserting that the agreement would cost 2.7 million jobs by 2025.
But he will stick to the withdrawal process laid out in the Paris agreement, which President Barack Obama joined and most of the world has already ratified. That could take nearly four years to complete, meaning a final decision would be up to the American voters in the next presidential election.
Republican lawmakers hailed Mr. Trump’s decision, calling it a necessary antidote to the overreach of Mr. Obama’s policies aimed at reducing planet-warming carbon emissions.
“I applaud President Trump and his administration for dealing yet another significant blow to the Obama administration’s assault on domestic energy production and jobs,” said Senator Mitch McConnell of Kentucky, the majority leader.
But Mr. Trump’s call for new global negotiations about the planet’s climate drew derision from Democrats in the United States and other heads of state.
President Emmanuel Macron of France and Prime Minister Justin Trudeau of Canada each issued rebukes to Mr. Trump. “Make our planet great again,” Mr. Macron said.


The U.S. Is the Biggest Carbon Polluter in History. It Just Walked Away From the Paris Climate Deal.

The United States has emitted more planet-warming carbon dioxide into the atmosphere than any other country. Now it is walking back a promise to lower emissions.

On Twitter, Miguel Arias Cañete, the European Union’s commissioner for climate, said that “today’s announcement has galvanized us rather than weakened us, and this vacuum will be filled by new broad committed leadership.”
Mr. Obama, in a rare assertion of his political views as a former president, said, “The nations that remain in the Paris agreement will be the nations that reap the benefits in jobs and industries created.”
“Even in the absence of American leadership; even as this administration joins a small handful of nations that reject the future; I’m confident that our states, cities, and businesses will step up and do even more to lead the way, and help protect for future generations the one planet we’ve got,” Mr. Obama said.
In recent days, Mr. Trump withstood withering criticism from European counterparts who accused him of shirking America’s role as a global leader and America’s responsibility as history’s largest emitter of planet-warming greenhouse gasses.
After a fierce debate inside the administration, the White House on Thursday took on the trappings of a celebration. The Rose Garden was packed with reporters, activists and members of Mr. Trump’s administration. Scores of staff members lined the sides of the Rose Garden as a military band played soft jazz.
Supporters of the Paris agreements reacted with pent-up alarm, condemning the administration for shortsightedness about the planet and a reckless willingness to shatter longstanding diplomatic relationships.


INTERACTIVE GRAPHIC

The Stakes in the Paris Climate Deal: What Might Other Countries Do?

President Trump will withdraw the United States from the first worldwide deal to address global warming. Where do other countries stand on the agreement?
 OPEN INTERACTIVE GRAPHIC

“Removing the United States from the Paris agreement is a reckless and indefensible action,” said Al Gore, the former vice president who has become an evangelist for fighting climate change. “It undermines America’s standing in the world and threatens to damage humanity’s ability to solve the climate crisis in time.”
Corporate leaders also condemned Mr. Trump’s action.
On its website, I.B.M. reaffirmed its support for the Paris agreement and took issue with the president’s contention that it was a bad deal for American workers and the American economy.
“This agreement requires all participating countries to put forward their best efforts on climate change as determined by each country,” the company said. “I.B.M. believes that it is easier to lead outcomes by being at the table, as a participant in the agreement, rather than from outside it.”
Mr. Immelt, the chairman and chief executive of General Electric, took to Twitter to say he was “disappointed” with the decision. “Climate change is real,” he said. “Industry must now lead and not depend on government.”
But Mr. Trump was resolute.
“It is time to put Youngstown, Ohio; Detroit, Mich.; and Pittsburgh, Pa., along with many, many other locations within our great country, before Paris, France,” he said. “It is time to make America great again.”
The mayor of Pittsburgh, Bill Peduto, responded on Twitter, “I can assure you that we will follow the guidelines of the Paris Agreement for our people, our economy & future.”

" 蘋論:美國向未來說不"之評論

版主:Trump 總統過分算計:美國要花的基金過多,"得不償失";引用MIT的報告,斷章取義"即使《巴黎協定》全面落實,也只能讓全球氣溫在2100年下降0.2℃,言下之意是這些努力都徒勞無功。"已被反駁:沒此協定,可能增加暖化數度c... 

印度無減排碳目標承諾。實際:
Solar panels on the roof of a shop in a settlement in Bangalore, India.CreditKuni Takahashi for The New York Times

Once a Coal Goliath, India Is Turning Green

As the United States drops out of the Paris climate pact, New Delhi is canceling coal-fired power plants and investing heavily in renewable energy sources.


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川普宣布退出《巴黎協定》時,一度宣稱自己的當選是「代表(工業城市)匹茲堡市的公民,而不是代表巴黎」,言下之意以捍衛美國人民利益來合理化自己的政策。不過匹茲堡市長佩杜托(Bill Peduto)馬上打槍:「謝謝,免了」。其他城市及州也表態不挺川普,強調會繼續遵守該協定。
川普宣布後,佩杜托馬上在推特回應:「身為匹茲堡市市長,我向你保證,我們會為了我們的人民、經濟和未來,遵守巴黎協定的準則。」他還譏諷:「美國現在加入敘利亞、尼加拉瓜和俄羅斯的行列,不要參與全球性的《巴黎協定》。現在輪到城市來領導了。」

100家企業響應

民主黨陣營加州、紐約州和華盛頓州3州立即連成一氣,表示會在環保政策上採取獨立立場,矢言遵守全球氣候協議的目標,減少導致全球暖化的溫室氣體排放。由1200名市長組成的「美國市長大會」前天也警告,氣候變遷對沿岸城市威脅甚鉅,若再不採取行動,許多沿岸城市就會消失。《紐約時報》報導,已有30名市長、3州州長、80多所大學校長和100多家企業組成團體,準備向聯合國提交申請,自願遵守各國採用的《巴黎協定》。但聯合國未有前例,未知會如何回應。 

給中國可乘之機

《時代》雜誌分析,美國退出《巴黎協定》會影響對抗氣候變遷的成效,例如該協定目標是西元2100年以前,氣溫升幅不要超過攝氏2度,但少了美國的參與,此目標顯然很難達成。其次,退出協定也會影響美國環保經濟的未來發展。就外交而言,美國會因退出而陷入孤立,反而給中國機會與歐洲國家拉攏關係。
但也有專家認為,川普政府極受石化工業左右,退出協定對聯合國的氣候決策影響較少,反而是件好事。澳洲國立大學氣候政策講師坎普表示,美國參與協定只是象徵性,「惡棍美國留在氣候協定,只會比離開造成更多傷害。」
◎編譯韓政燕 
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川普退出巴黎協定的五大影響(楊惟任)


5月底,川普出席七大工業國峰會,與會元首呼籲美國共同遵守《巴黎氣候協定》減少溫室氣體排放承諾,川普不但拒絕,並透過推特表示將檢討美國氣候變遷政策。隨即川普在6月1日宣告將退出《巴黎協定》,聲明該協議危害美國經濟利益。川普的決定對國際氣候合作有幾項重要影響。
其一、衝擊全球氣候工作的推動。目前共有162個締約方提交國家自定預期貢獻,涵蓋全球90%以上的碳排放量,但就算所有締約方提出的氣候變遷計畫都能落實,也只能減少110億噸碳排放量,距離達成把全球平均氣溫升幅控制在工業化前水準以上低於攝氏2度之內的目標,還有120億噸的差距。根據美國向聯合國提交的國家自定預期貢獻,同意在2025年之前減少26%-28%的溫室氣體排放量(以2005年為基準),約為每年16億噸碳排放量,美國退出《巴黎協定》後,勢必使得原本就困難重重的全球氣候工作更顯艱辛。
其二、凸顯國際氣候合作的南北問題。從《聯合國啟動氣候變化綱要公約》談判以來,已開發和開發中國家就如何落實全球溫室氣體減量工作有很大歧見,儘管《巴黎協定》以國家自主貢獻的方式規避國際氣候政治的南北問題,但全球氣候問題的解決仍充滿挑戰。在《巴黎協定》談判期間,開發中國家聲明,如果已開發國家不能帶頭落實,將不會參與這項協定,一旦美國真的退出,將影響部分國家(多數是開發中國家)的自主減排意願,妨礙協定長期目標的實現。 

擴大各國利益矛盾

其三、可能引發貿易保護主義的衝突。過去美國之所以不願意批准《京都議定書》,主要係質疑議定書沒有將開發中國家納入限制排放對象,傷害已開發國家的利益。為此,歐盟和美國曾經考慮採取懲罰性貿易措施,以把開發中國家納入全球溫室氣體減量工作。隨著川普退出《巴黎協定》,必然擴大各國利益矛盾,這不僅會發生在南北雙方,也會發生在已開發國家之間。德國、法國等國領袖對川普決定退出《巴黎協定》表達高度不滿,引埋歐盟和美國發生貿易衝突的可能。
其四、提升中國在國際氣候政治的地位。中國崛起後,積極塑造作為負責任大國的形象,一改原先態度加入《京都議定書》,之後又與美國、歐盟和印度等排碳大國簽署雙邊氣候協定,這些行動對《巴黎協定》完成協商提供重要助力。在歐盟批評川普退出《巴黎協定》,違背美國作為全球領導國家及第二大排放國應有的責任之際,最大排放國中國向國際喊話,願對全球氣候工作負起更大責任。可以預期未來各項氣候談判將由歐盟和中國主導,中國在國際氣候政治的地位會進一步提升。
其五、美國仍有可能續留《巴黎協定》。根據《巴黎協定》自主減排的精神,各締約方的減排目標並未被寫入協定,因此退出協定與否的實質意義不大,況且根據協定內容,締約方退出所需時程約4年,屆時川普現任任期已經結束。換言之,美國是否完全退出《巴黎協定》,有待下次總統大選由選民決定。基此,川普可能在國際和國內輿論壓力之下,以降低自主減排目標的方式繼續留在《巴黎協定》。 
醒吾科技大學
商管學院教授 

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美國總統川普宣布退出《巴黎協定》,全球譁然。經濟部能源局長林全能昨強調,我國不受影響,未來仍會繼續遵守該協定;不過國內學者、專家認為,美國退出對於國內綠能或綠色交通產業並非好事,甚至電子、石化業都受影響,將因競爭壓力,必須加速出走。

對特斯拉不利

台北市電腦公會理事長童子賢昨表示,支持包括蘋果等25家美國企業呼籲美國應留在《巴黎協定》的立場。童認為,美國退出對綠能產業或綠色交通工具如特斯拉等企業而言非好事。
淡江大學經濟系教授廖惠珠分析,對國內電子、石化業都是衝擊,主要是石化業將因美國的燃料業成本下滑,為了競爭必須加速出走到成本更低的國家;電子業將因美國企業無須負擔碳排放成本,而形成不公平競爭,恐加速電子業外移至美國。
台灣太陽能研究單位EnergyTrend分析師蔡篤慰認為,此舉將使美國刪減再生能源相關預算,將對再生能源產業產生長期性影響,不過,短期內應不會立即衝擊太陽能市場。綠能總經理林士源則認為,美國蘋果、特斯拉等大型企業還是繼續支持綠電,預料影響有限。
◎綜合報導 

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蘋論:美國向未來說不


 
台灣昨天豪雨成災,顯示極端氣候已是人類未來最大挑戰。美國總統川普正巧在此時宣布退出《巴黎協定》,名義上是實現「美國優先」政見,實際上卻是「美國向未來說不」象徵,美國的世界領袖地位勢必遭更多質疑與滑落。
無論從哪一個角度來看,氣候變遷都已是世界各國無可迴避的重大挑戰。光是台灣近年受到極端氣候天災衝擊,已深深影響各項公共政策的制定。包括台灣在內,各國莫不競相減少污染、發展綠色能源,以免遺禍後代。

企業以行動反彈

在這種情勢下,從《京都議定書》到《巴黎協定》,都是各國領袖為了地球永續發展而做的集體約束。當初小布希總統反對《京都議定書》,已讓各國大失所望,如今川普不顧各國呼籲退出《巴黎協定》,對於《巴黎協定》無疑是難以承受的重擊。
川普與小布希拒絕氣候協定的理由都一樣:這是對美國不公平的協定,氣候協定沒有對發展中大國如中國、印度等要求更多減量責任,落實協定只會不利於美國的就業機會和消費者。川普甚至還強調,即使《巴黎協定》全面落實,也只能讓全球氣溫在2100年下降0.2℃,言下之意是這些努力都徒勞無功。
然而,美國扮演世界秩序維護者角色時,無論小布希下令出兵伊拉克,或川普對敘利亞發射戰斧飛彈,以及歷任美國總統介入中東及各地情勢時,卻從來都是當仁不讓、義無反顧。美國從來不會在乎對這些遭受攻擊或介入國家公不公平,也從來不懷疑這些攻擊與介入是徒勞無功。
值得注意的是,在川普宣布退出《巴黎協定》後,美國著名電動車製造商特斯拉創辦人兼執行長馬斯克等人也宣布退出總統顧問團隊。馬斯克更透過推特表示,退出協定對美國和全球均不利。也就是說儘管川普以「美國優先」為名拒絕《巴黎協定》,但若干美國重要企業領袖卻已用具體行動表達「拒絕川普」。美國前總統歐巴馬評論:「川普讓美國成為世上少數向未來說不的國家」,已成此事件最佳註腳。 

川普將付出代價

美國向未來說不之後,各國乃至台灣領導人都必須以更高格局視野來面對全球暖化嚴峻課題,川普則將進一步為其世界領袖地位崩壞而付出代價。 

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Steve Inskeep speaks with Richard V. Reeves, author of the book Dream Hoarders, which argues that the wealthiest 20 percent of Americans unfairly…
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